1657 Drinking chocolate was first introduced to England in 1647 and London's first chocolate house opened a decade later. The issue of the Publick Adviser for June 16, 1657, reported: "In Bishopgate Street, in Queen's Head Alley, at a Frenchman's house is an excellent West India drink called chocolate, to be sold, where you may have it ready at any time, and also unmade at reasonable rates."
1722 Already suffering from paralysis and softening of the brain, John Churchill, The Duke of Marlborough, suffered another stroke while living at his Windsor Lodge country house, not long after his 72nd birthday. Finally, at 4 am on June 16, 1722, in the presence of his wife and two surviving daughters Henrietta Godolphin and Mary Montagu, Marlborough passed away. He was buried in Westminster Abbey until 1730 when his body was moved to the chapel at Blenheim Palace.
1723 Philosopher and economist, "The Father of Economics," Adam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, Scotland on June 16, 1723. At around the age of four, Adam was kidnapped by a band of gypsies, but he was quickly rescued by his uncle and returned to his mother. Smith's biographer, John Rae, commented wryly that he feared Smith would have made "a poor gypsy."
1824 The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) was founded at the Old Slaughters Coffee House in the UK on June 16, 1824. The first animal welfare organization in the world, its founders were concerned about the widespread cruelty to animals that was taking place at the time. They believed that animals were sentient beings who deserved to be treated with kindness and respect, and they set out to create an organization that would work to prevent cruelty to animals and promote their welfare.
1829 Apache leader Geronimo was born June 16, 1829 near Turkey Creek, a tributary of the Gila River in the modern-day state of Arizona, then part of Mexico. In March 5, 1851, while he was away on a trading expedition, Geronimo's camp near Janos was attacked by 400 Mexican soldiers led by Colonel Jose Maria Carrasco. Among those killed were Geronimo's wife, children, and mother. The incident sparked a life-long hatred of the white man.
1855 Salvation Army founder William Booth first met Catherine Mumford when he came to preach at her church. They soon fell in love and married at Stockwell Green Congregational Church in London on June 16, 1855 . Their wedding was very simple, as they wanted to use their time and money for his ministry. Even on their honeymoon Booth was asked to speak at meetings. Catherine bore William eight children and they were reared with an iron disciple.
1858 English epidemiologist and physician John Snow was a bachelor who lived alone on Sackville Street in Soho, London. He suffered a stroke while working on his magnum opus, On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics in his London office and died six days later aged 45 at 3 pm on June 16, 1858 attended by his brother Thomas. The adoption of Snow's recommended sanitary precautions such as boiling all drinking water eliminated cholera from entire communities in England.
1869 Root beer was created by Philadelphia pharmacist Charles E. Hires as an herbal tea made of various roots, berries and herbs for cough and mouth sores. It was inspired by a root tea served to him on his honeymoon. Hires packaged his herbal mixture in boxes and sold it to housewives and proprietors of soda fountains making his first sale on June 16, 1869. He decided to call his drink "root beer" despite not containing any alcohol as he wanted to market it to Pennsylvania coal miners.
1880 The Salvation Army uniform includes bonnets, which in its early days provided protective headgear when the going got rough. The bonnet was worn for the first time on June 16, 1880 at founders William and Catherine Booth's silver wedding in Whitechapel.
1884 The Switchback Railroad was the first roller coaster designed as an amusement ride in America. The brainchild of former Sunday school teacher LaMarcus Thompson, it opened at Coney Island, New York, on June 16, 1884. The new entertainment was an instant success and LaMarcus Thompson grossed an average $600 per day. By the turn of the century there were hundreds of roller coasters around the country.
1890 Comic actor Stan Laurel was born Arthur Stanley Jefferson on June 16, 1890 in Ulverston, Lancashire, England. In 1910, with the stage name of "Stan Jefferson", Laurel joined Fred Karno's troupe of actors, which also included a young Charlie Chaplin. The British music hall nurtured him, and he got his first break as understudy for Charlie Chaplin. Chaplin and Laurel arrived in the United States on the same ship from Britain with the Karno troupe and toured the country.
1722 Already suffering from paralysis and softening of the brain, John Churchill, The Duke of Marlborough, suffered another stroke while living at his Windsor Lodge country house, not long after his 72nd birthday. Finally, at 4 am on June 16, 1722, in the presence of his wife and two surviving daughters Henrietta Godolphin and Mary Montagu, Marlborough passed away. He was buried in Westminster Abbey until 1730 when his body was moved to the chapel at Blenheim Palace.
1723 Philosopher and economist, "The Father of Economics," Adam Smith was born in Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, Scotland on June 16, 1723. At around the age of four, Adam was kidnapped by a band of gypsies, but he was quickly rescued by his uncle and returned to his mother. Smith's biographer, John Rae, commented wryly that he feared Smith would have made "a poor gypsy."
1824 The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) was founded at the Old Slaughters Coffee House in the UK on June 16, 1824. The first animal welfare organization in the world, its founders were concerned about the widespread cruelty to animals that was taking place at the time. They believed that animals were sentient beings who deserved to be treated with kindness and respect, and they set out to create an organization that would work to prevent cruelty to animals and promote their welfare.
1829 Apache leader Geronimo was born June 16, 1829 near Turkey Creek, a tributary of the Gila River in the modern-day state of Arizona, then part of Mexico. In March 5, 1851, while he was away on a trading expedition, Geronimo's camp near Janos was attacked by 400 Mexican soldiers led by Colonel Jose Maria Carrasco. Among those killed were Geronimo's wife, children, and mother. The incident sparked a life-long hatred of the white man.
1855 Salvation Army founder William Booth first met Catherine Mumford when he came to preach at her church. They soon fell in love and married at Stockwell Green Congregational Church in London on June 16, 1855 . Their wedding was very simple, as they wanted to use their time and money for his ministry. Even on their honeymoon Booth was asked to speak at meetings. Catherine bore William eight children and they were reared with an iron disciple.
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| Catherine and William Booth |
1858 English epidemiologist and physician John Snow was a bachelor who lived alone on Sackville Street in Soho, London. He suffered a stroke while working on his magnum opus, On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics in his London office and died six days later aged 45 at 3 pm on June 16, 1858 attended by his brother Thomas. The adoption of Snow's recommended sanitary precautions such as boiling all drinking water eliminated cholera from entire communities in England.
1869 Root beer was created by Philadelphia pharmacist Charles E. Hires as an herbal tea made of various roots, berries and herbs for cough and mouth sores. It was inspired by a root tea served to him on his honeymoon. Hires packaged his herbal mixture in boxes and sold it to housewives and proprietors of soda fountains making his first sale on June 16, 1869. He decided to call his drink "root beer" despite not containing any alcohol as he wanted to market it to Pennsylvania coal miners.
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| A Hires' Rootbeer advertisement from 1894. |
1880 The Salvation Army uniform includes bonnets, which in its early days provided protective headgear when the going got rough. The bonnet was worn for the first time on June 16, 1880 at founders William and Catherine Booth's silver wedding in Whitechapel.
1884 The Switchback Railroad was the first roller coaster designed as an amusement ride in America. The brainchild of former Sunday school teacher LaMarcus Thompson, it opened at Coney Island, New York, on June 16, 1884. The new entertainment was an instant success and LaMarcus Thompson grossed an average $600 per day. By the turn of the century there were hundreds of roller coasters around the country.
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| Thompsons Switchback Railway 1884 |
1890 Comic actor Stan Laurel was born Arthur Stanley Jefferson on June 16, 1890 in Ulverston, Lancashire, England. In 1910, with the stage name of "Stan Jefferson", Laurel joined Fred Karno's troupe of actors, which also included a young Charlie Chaplin. The British music hall nurtured him, and he got his first break as understudy for Charlie Chaplin. Chaplin and Laurel arrived in the United States on the same ship from Britain with the Karno troupe and toured the country.
1894 The successful campaign to revive the Olympic Games was started in France by Baron Pierre de Coubertin. In 1894 he sent out invitations to all sporting organizations in the world to an international athletic congress to be held at Paris' Sorbonne University between June 16-23, 1894. The motion to revive the Olympics was carried and it was also agreed to offer Greece the honor of being host nation for the first of the resurrected Games.
1903 Ford Motor Company was founded at Detroit on June 16, 1903, with Henry Ford appointing himself chief engineer. A Miss Rosetta Couzens bought one share in the Ford Company in its very early days for $100. That investment bought her a profit of $355,000. The first production of the Ford Model T automobile was built at the Piquette Plant in Detroit, Michigan and introduced in October 1908.
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| Piquette Avenue Plant as it appeared during its occupancy by Ford |
1903 Pepsi-Cola was created by Caleb Bradham, a pharmacist from North Carolina, United States. He developed the beverage in the late 1890s and initially called it "Brad's Drink." It was later renamed "Pepsi-Cola" in 1898. The official trademark registration occurred on June 16, 1903, solidifying the brand's identity and protecting its name and logo.
1904 Irish novelist James Joyce arranged to meet sharp tongued, auburn haired Nora Barnacle near the famous Greene bookshop in Dublin for their first date. She failed to show up. Joyce persisted and on June 16, 1904 they did meet up and went walking. James Joyce used the date with Nora Barnacle to set the actions for his novel Ulysses. Joyce fans celebrate 16th June as Bloomsday. Joyce and Nora had two children together before finally marrying for “testamentary reasons” in 1931.
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| James Joyce, Nora Barnacle and children |
1915 The Women's Institute was founded on June 16, 1915 in the United Kingdom. Its two aims were to revitalize rural communities and encourage women to produce food during World War 1. It's now the largest women's voluntary organization in the United Kingdom.
1940 On June 16, 1940, Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union, initiating a period of Soviet control and the integration of Lithuania into the Soviet Union as a constituent republic. The occupation was executed based on the pretext of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression treaty between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. This agreement included confidential provisions that effectively divided Eastern Europe into respective spheres of influence.
1963 Valentina Tereshkova, the daughter of a Soviet war hero, was a factory worker who was obsessed with skydiving. Her skills at this risky sport bought the youngster to the attention of the authorities, and she was inducted into the Soviet Air Force so that she could become a cosmonaut. Tereshkova became the first woman in space when she orbited the Earth 48 times aboard Vostok 6 on June 16, 1963. She is still the only woman ever to go on a solo space mission.
1967 The first widely promoted and heavily attended rock festival, the Monterey Pop Festival, began at the County Fairgrounds in Monterey, California on June 16, 1967, running to June 18th. It was the first of many big Rock festivals, with The Who, Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix and The Animals among those performing. Many consider it the beginning of the "Summer of Love."
1978 Composer Leonard Bernstein married the Chilean-born American actress Felicia Cohn Montealegre in 1951. After 25 years of marriage, Bernstein took the decision that he could no longer repress his homosexuality and he left his wife Felicia for a period to live with the writer Tom Cothran. The next year Felicia was diagnosed with lung cancer and eventually Bernstein moved back in with her and cared for her until she died on June 16, 1978.
1979 When a flaming object fell on a picnic table in Mississauga, Ontario on June 16, 1979, it drew worldwide attention and speculation as to its true nature. It was eventually revealed that the object, described as a flat, dark green rock with a diameter of 8 inches was a Frisbee thrown by the neighbor as a prank.
2003 Brock Peters delivered Hollywood actor Gregory Peck's eulogy on the day of his funeral and burial, June 16, 2003. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Peters played Tom Robinson, the black man accused of raping a white girl that Peck's character defended in court. Gregory Peck is entombed in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels mausoleum in Los Angeles.
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